Archery & darts: focus you can measure.

Bows and arrows have been used for hunting and defence for many thousands of years, on every inhabited continent including Africa. As a sport, archery appeared at the Olympic Games in 1900 and returned permanently in 1972. World Archery, the international federation, was founded in 1931.

• Olympic recurve: 70 metres to a 122 cm target with ten scoring rings, 10 points in the centre gold.
• Compound: a bow with pulleys and a release aid, shot at 50 metres.
• Other disciplines: field, 3D and traditional archery outdoors.
• The shot cycle: stance, nock, set, draw, anchor, aim, release, follow-through, repeated identically.

Modern darts grew in British pubs in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The standard “clock” board has twenty numbered segments, a double ring, a treble ring and the bull. Three darts in treble 20 make the maximum 180. The World Darts Federation was founded in 1976, and professional darts now fills arenas.

• Setup: bullseye 1.73 m above the floor; throwing line (oche) 2.37 m from the board face.
• 501: each player starts on 501 and subtracts each visit of three darts.
• Double out: the last dart must land in a double (or the bull, worth 50).
• Bust: going below zero, leaving 1, or reaching zero without a double cancels the visit.